Who S The Real Terrorist

In the video they make strong arguments on what errors is and who are the terrorist. The video does indeed reach its audience and provides a clear message. Ethos The Classroom debate scene doesn't introduce anybody however it does show credibility threw out the video and uses well known actors. The scene in itself shows a lot of credibility ultimately because it is set up as a classroom discussion, setting. The instructor also shows he knows what he is talking about simply because he is throwing out data with numbers. Ultimately numbers make's anything more credible and sometimes even more believable.The student who is shown on the video who is defending the Muslims is a Hindu actor named, Ivies Oberon. While the professor is a well- known star named USAF All Kahn. The rest of the classes are random pro American actors that no one really knows. The audience will automatically agree with the famous and well-known actors. Whereas with the random students who the audience isn't familiar with them will most likely disagree with them. For instance companies use this strategy. They use role models and well known celebrities. For example Lebanon James a well-known basketball player is sponsored by Nikkei, McDonald's, and Coca-Cola.The Meany's intention is target there audience and get there point across. Considering there point being that if, Lebanon James eats or wears this so should you. That's how they attempted to manipulate there targeted audience and get their message across just like in the Exurban debate scene. This automatically gives the actors more credibility in the sense that they actually know what they're talking about unlike the underground actors, consequently takes away their credibility. As a result the actors being used can make their argument stronger and credible.Logos The video scene begins when the teacher states that â€Å"Islam is a religion that reaches peace and tolerates† (Exurban-Classroom Debate Scene, . 32 seconds). As soon as th e instructor finishes one of the students exclaims â€Å"if Islam truly is a religion that preaches peace how come they have the world's most trouble spots like the west bank, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran there all plagued with Islamic terrorism. † (Exurban-Crisscross Debate Scene, . 37 seconds). The student uses a faulty deduction in here statement, she uses composition.She is assuming that all terrorist are Muslims by generalizing that the world most trouble spots are all thanks to Islamic terrorism. Threw UT the movie scene there is quite a lot of logical appeal. The video shows its logical appeal in various ways. They persuade the audience by exposing the United States and claiming that the US is only in the Middle East for the oil and that the Taliban was a creation of the CIA in other words it can be characterized as a lie since there really is no proof or it can also be an appeal to anonymous authority.Despite that, the video gives numbers and compare how more peopl e die in Afghanistan bombing than in 9-1 1 . The student compares how much people have died in Afghanistan bombing being which as more than 15,000 while 9-1 1 had around 3000. The logical appeal is clearly valid and effective to the audience since they support their statements and provide information. To sum it up at the end of the video the student even ends with logical appeal by stating that just because there elites and wear a fancy suit doesn't make them any different than other terrorist.This must have been one of the strongest logical appeal that one of the students states. It makes the audience kind of remove that blind fold that the government has had them have on. It changes the perspective and in a way makes the targeted audience open there eyes. Pathos The emotional appeal is clear throughout the video. You can see the anger in the student who argues how American's are the real terrorist oppose to the other students who are against the Islam religion, they show an expres sion of being worn out of the argument.The student showing his anger convinces the audience in the way of how tired he is of Americans showing there hypocrisy on how the terrorist are Islam religion. While the student who are expressing themselves as worn out help out the argument even more by showing how he has exposed them, which truly will impact the audiences . The video ends with the pro Muslim student showing his anger. His expression makes it look like all Muslims are fed up with Americans stepping in their soil and taking advantage and just bombing there country.The student makes the argument more emotional and appealing as well as the depressing background music. Conclusion In conclusion the movie scene covered the three different rhetorical strategies by either supporting its argument or not making it weaker. The artifact does indeed reach its purpose in persuading and convincing its audience since its argument is based on facts. The video mainly mention on owe the US was bad and are terrorist and gave little information on how Muslims are also terrorist.

Last Sacrifice Chapter Five

GETTING AWAY FROM DIMITRI WASN'T just about our rocky romantic past. I'd meant it when I said I didn't want him getting in trouble because of me. If the guardians found me, my fate wouldn't be that much different from what I'd already been facing. But Dimitri? He'd been making baby steps toward acceptance. Sure, that was pretty much destroyed now, but his chance for a life wasn't over. If he didn't want to live at Court or with humans, he could go back to Siberia and return to his family. Out there in the middle of nowhere, he'd be hard to find. And with how close that community was, they'd go to a lot of trouble to hide him if someone ever did try to hunt him down. Staying with me was definitely the wrong option. I just needed to convince him. â€Å"I know what you're thinking,' Dimitri said, after we'd been on the road for about an hour. We hadn't spoken much, both of us lost in our own thoughts. After a few more country roads, we'd finally made it to an interstate and were making good time toward †¦ well, I had no idea. I'd been staring out the window, pondering all the disasters around me and how I alone could fix them. â€Å"Huh?' I glanced over at him. I thought there might be the smallest hint of a smile on his lips, which seemed absurd considering this was probably the worst situation he'd been in since being restored from his Strigoi state. â€Å"And it won't work,' he added. â€Å"You're planning how to get away from me, probably when we eventually stop for gas. You're thinking maybe you'll have a chance to run off then.' The crazy thing was, I had been thinking very much along those lines. The old Dimitri was a good partner on the road, but I wasn't so sure I liked having his old ability to guess my thoughts back as well. â€Å"This is a waste of time,' I said, gesturing around the car. â€Å"Oh? You have better things to do than flee the people who want to lock you up and execute you? Please don't tell me again that this is too dangerous for me.' I glared. â€Å"It's about more than just you. Running away shouldn't be my only concern. I should be helping clear my name, not hiding in whatever remote place you're undoubtedly taking me to. The answers are at Court.' â€Å"And you have lots of friends at Court who will be working on that. It'll be easier on them if they know you're safe.' â€Å"What I want to know is why no one told me about this–or, I mean, why Lissa didn't. Why'd she hide it? Don't you think I'd have been more helpful if I'd been ready?' â€Å"We did the fighting, not you,' Dimitri said. â€Å"We were afraid if you knew, you might give away that something was up.' â€Å"I would have never told!' â€Å"Not intentionally, no. But if you were tense or anxious †¦ well, your guards can pick up on those kinds of things.' â€Å"Well, now that we're out, can you tell me where we're going? Was I right? Is it some crazy, remote place?' No answer. I narrowed my eyes at him. â€Å"I hate not being in the loop.' That tiny smile on his lips grew a little bigger. â€Å"Well, I have my own personal theory that the more you don't know, the more your curiosity is likely to make sure you stick around with me.' â€Å"That's ridiculous,' I replied, though really, it wasn't all that unreasonable of a theory. I sighed. â€Å"When the hell did things get so out of control? When did you guys start being the masterminds? I'm the one who comes up with the wacky, impossible plans. I'm supposed to be the general here. Now I'm barely a lieutenant.' He started to say something else but then froze for a few seconds, his face instantly taking on that wary, lethal guardian look. He swore in Russian. â€Å"What's wrong?' I asked. His attitude was contagious, and I immediately forgot all thoughts of crazy plans. In the erratic flash of headlights from oncoming traffic, I could see his eyes dart up to the rearview mirror. â€Å"We have a tail. I didn't think it would happen this soon.' â€Å"Are you sure?' It had grown dark, and the number of cars on the highway had increased. I didn't know how anyone could spot one suspicious car among that many, but well †¦ he was Dimitri. He swore again and suddenly, in a maneuver that made me grab the dashboard, he cut sharply across two lanes, barely missing a minivan that expressed its annoyance with a lot of honking. There was an exit right there, and he just barely made it without clipping the exit ramp's rail. I heard more honking, and when I looked back, I saw the headlights of a car that had made just as crazy a move to follow us onto the exit. â€Å"The Court must have gotten the word out pretty fast,' he said. â€Å"They had someone watching the interstates.' â€Å"Maybe we should have taken back roads.' He shook his head. â€Å"Too slow. None of it would have been an issue once we switched cars, but they found us too soon. We'll have to get a new one here. This is the biggest city we'll hit before the Maryland border.' A sign said we were in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and as Dimitri skillfully drove us down a busy, commerce-filled road, I could see the tail mirroring everything we did. â€Å"What exactly is your plan to get a new car?' I asked warily. â€Å"Listen carefully,' he said, ignoring my question. â€Å"It is very, very important that you do exactly as I say. No improvising. No arguing. There are guardians in that car, and by now, they've alerted every other guardian around here–possibly even the human police.' â€Å"Wouldn't the police catching us create a few problems?' â€Å"The Alchemists would sort it out and make sure we ended up back with the Moroi.' The Alchemists. I should have known they'd get involved. They were a secret society of humans who helped protect Moroi and dhampir interests, keeping us out of the mainstream human public. Of course, the Alchemists didn't do it out of kindness. They thought we were evil and unnatural and mostly wanted to make sure we stayed on the fringes of their society. An escaped â€Å"criminal' like me would certainly be a problem they would want to help the Moroi with. Dimitri's voice was hard and commanding when he spoke again, though his eyes weren't on me. They were busy scanning the sides of the road. â€Å"No matter what you think of the choices everyone's been making for you, no matter how unhappy you are with this situation, you know–I know you do–that I've never failed you when our lives were at stake. You trusted me in the past. Trust me now.' I wanted to tell him that what he said wasn't entirely true. He had failed me. When he'd been taken down by Strigoi, when he'd shown that he wasn't perfect, he had failed me by shattering the impossible, godly image I had of him. But my life? No, he had always kept mine safe. Even as a Strigoi, I'd never entirely been convinced he could kill me. The night the Academy had been attacked, when he'd been turned, he'd told me to obey him without question too. It had meant leaving him to fight Strigoi, but I'd done it. â€Å"Okay,' I said quietly. â€Å"I'll do whatever you say. Just remember not to talk down to me. I'm not your student anymore. I'm your equal now.' He glanced away from the side of the road just long enough to give me a surprised look. â€Å"You've always been my equal, Roza.' The use of the affectionate Russian nickname made me too stupid to respond, but it didn't matter. Moments later, he was all business again. â€Å"There. Do you see that movie theater sign?' I gazed down the road. There were so many restaurants and stores that their signs made a glittering haze in the night. At last, I saw what he meant. WESTLAND CINEMA. â€Å"Yes.' â€Å"That's where we're going to meet.' We were splitting up? I'd wanted to part ways but not like this. In the face of danger, separating suddenly seemed like an awful idea. I'd promised not to argue, though, and kept listening. â€Å"If I'm not there in a half hour, you call this number and go without me.' Dimitri handed me a small piece of paper from his duster pocket. It had a phone number scrawled on it, not one I recognized. If I'm not there in a half hour. The words were so shocking that I couldn't help my protest this time. â€Å"What do you mean if you're not–ah!' Dimitri made another abrupt turn, one that caused him to run a red light and only narrowly miss a number of cars. More honking ensued, but the move had been too sudden for our tail to keep up. I saw our pursuers whiz past on the main road, brake lights flashing as they searched for a place to turn around. Dimitri had taken us into a mall parking lot. It was packed with cars, and I glanced at the clock to get a grasp for human time. Almost eight o'clock at night. Early in the Moroi day, prime entertainment time for humans. He drove past a few entrances to the mall and finally selected one, pulling into a handicap spot. He was out of the car in one fluid motion, with me following just as quickly. â€Å"Here's where we split up,' he said jogging toward a set of doors. â€Å"Move fast, but don't run when we're inside. Don't attract attention. Blend in. Wind through it for a little bit; then get out through any exit but this one. Walk out near a group of humans and then head for the theater.' We stepped into the mall. â€Å"Go!' As though afraid I might not move, he gave me a small push toward an escalator while he took off on the main floor. There was a part of me that wanted to just freeze and stand there, that felt dumbfounded by the sudden onslaught of people, light, and activity. I soon pushed that startled part aside and began heading up the escalator. Fast reflexes and instinctual reactions were part of my training. I'd honed them in school, in my travels, and with him. Everything I'd been taught about eluding someone came rushing back to my head. What I wanted to do more than anything was look around and see if I had a follower, but that would have definitely attracted attention. I had to imagine that, at most, we had a couple minutes' lead on our pursuers. They would have had to turn around to get back to the mall and then circle to spot our car, presuming they figured out we'd gone into the mall. I didn't think Harrisburg had enough of a Moroi presence to summon very many guardians on short notice. The ones they had would likely split up, some searching the mall and some guarding the entrances. This place had too many doors for the guardians to watch them all; my escape choice would be pure luck. I walked as fast as I reasonably could, weaving through couples, families with strollers, and giggling teens. I envied that last group. Their lives seemed so easy compared to mine. I also passed the usual mall stores, their names registering but not much more: Ann Taylor, Abercrombie, Forever 21 †¦ Ahead of me, I could see the center of the mall where several corridors branched out. I'd have a choice to make soon. Passing an accessories store, I ducked inside and pretended to look at headbands. As I did, I covertly glanced back out to the mall's main section. I saw nothing obvious. No one had stopped; no one had followed me into the store. Beside the headbands section was a clearance bin filled with items that obviously deserved to be on clearance. One item was a â€Å"girly' baseball cap, hot pink with a star done in rainbow rhinestones on the front. It was god-awful. I bought it, grateful the guardians hadn't taken away the meager cash I'd had on me when arrested. They probably figured it wasn't enough to bribe anyone. I also bought a ponytail holder, all the while still keeping an eye on the store's doorway. Before leaving, I bound my hair up as much as I could with the holder and then put on the hat. There was something silly about being reduced to disguises, but my hair was an easy way to ID me. It was a deep, almost-black brown, and my lack of any recent haircut had it hanging to my mid-back. In fact, between that and Dimitri's height, we would have made a very conspicuous pair walking through here. I merged back into the shoppers and soon reached the mall's center. Not wanting to show any hesitation, I took a left toward Macy's. As I walked, I felt slightly embarrassed at the hat and wished I'd at least had time to find a more stylish one. Minutes later, when I spotted a guardian, I was glad I'd made such a quick fashion choice. He was near one of those carts you always see in the center of malls, pretending to be interested in cell phone covers. I recognized him first because of his stance and the way he was managing to act interested in a zebra print phone cover while simultaneously searching around him. Plus, dhampirs could always distinguish each other from humans with close enough examination. For the most part, our two races appeared pretty identical, but I could spot one of my own. I made sure not to look right at him and felt his eyes pass over me. I didn't know him, which meant he probably didn't know me either. He was likely going off a photo he'd seen once and expected my hair to be a big giveaway. Keeping as casual an air as I could, I moved past him at a leisurely pace, glancing in windows that kept my back to him but sent no obvious messages that I was on the run. All the while, my heart pounded in my chest. Guardians could kill me on sight. Did that apply to the middle of a mall? I didn't want to find out. When I was clear of the cart, I picked up my pace a little. Macy's would have its own outside door, and now it was just a gamble to see whether or not I'd made a good call coming in this direction. I entered the store, went down its escalator, and headed toward the main floor exit–passing a very nice selection of cute berets and fedoras. I paused near them, not because I planned on upgrading my hat, but because it allowed me to fall in step just behind a group of girls who were also exiting. We left the store together, and my eyes quickly adjusted to the change in light. There were lots of people around, but I again saw nothing threatening. My girls stopped to chat, giving me an opportunity to get my bearings without appearing totally lost. To my right, I spotted the busy road Dimitri and I had come in on, and from there, I knew how to get to the movie theater. I exhaled in relief and cut across the parking lot, still watching my surroundings. The farther I walked from the mall, the less crowded the parking lot became. Lampposts kept it from being totally dark, but there was still an eerie feel as things grew quieter and quieter. My initial impulse was to head right for the road and take the sidewalk directly to the theater. It was well lit and had people. But a moment later, I decided it was too conspicuous. I was pretty sure I could cut across parking lots much more quickly to get to the theater. It proved true–kind of. I had the theater in sight when I realized I had been followed after all. Not far ahead of me, the shadow of a parking lamp's post didn't cast correctly. The shadow was too broad. Someone was behind the pole. I doubted a guardian had coincidentally picked this spot in the hopes Dimitri or I would come by. Most likely it was a scout who'd seen me and circled ahead for an ambush. I kept walking, trying not to obviously slow down, though every muscle in my body was tensing for attack. I had to be the one who attacked first. I had to be in control. My moment came, seconds before I suspected my ambusher would have made his move. I leapt out, throwing him–it turned out to be a dhampir I didn't recognize– against a nearby car. Yup. I'd surprised him. Of course, the surprise was mutual when the car's alarm went off, blaring into the night. I winced, trying to ignore the shrieking as I punched my captive on the left side of his jaw. I had to make the most of having him pinned. The force of my fist knocked his head against the car, but he took it admirably, promptly pushing back in an effort to free himself. He was stronger, and I did stumble a little, but not enough to lose my balance. What I lacked in strength, I made up for in speed. I dodged each attempt at me, but it brought me little satisfaction. That stupid car alarm was still going strong, and it was eventually going to attract the attention of other guardians or human authorities. I dashed around the side of the car, and he gave chase, stopping when we were on opposite sides. It was like two kids playing keep-away. We mirrored each other as he tried to anticipate which direction I'd go. In the dim lighting, I saw something surprising tucked into his belt: a gun. My blood ran cold. Guardians were trained to use guns but rarely carried them. Stakes were our weapon of choice. We were in the business of killing Strigoi, after all, and guns were ineffective. But against me? Yeah. A gun simplified his job, but I had a feeling he'd hesitate to use it. A car alarm could be blamed on someone accidentally getting too close, but a gunshot? That would elicit a call to the police. This guy wouldn't fire if he could help it–but he would if he ran out of options. This needed to end soon. At last I made a move toward the front of the car. He tried to intercept me, but then I surprised him by springing onto the car's hood (because honestly, at this point, it wasn't like the alarm could get any louder). In my split second of advantage, I threw myself off the car and onto him, knocking him flat to the ground. I landed on top of his stomach and held him down with all my weight while my hands went around his neck. He struggled, trying to throw me off, and nearly succeeded. At last, the lack of air won out. He stopped moving and fell into unconsciousness. I let go. For a brief moment, I had a flashback to our escape from Court, when I'd used the same technique on Meredith. I saw her lying on the ground all over again and felt that same pang of guilt. Then, I shook it off. Meredith was okay. Meredith wasn't even here. None of that mattered. All that mattered was that this guy was out of commission, and I had to get out of here. Now. Without looking to see if others were coming, I tore off across the parking lot toward the theater. I stopped once I had some distance between me and the wailing car, using another car as cover. I saw no one near the guy yet, but over by the parking lot's front, close to the mall, there seemed to be some activity. I didn't stick around to get a closer look. Whatever it was, it couldn't be good for me. I reached the theater a couple minutes later, breathless more from fear than exhaustion. Running endurance was something I had built up a lot of, thanks to Dimitri. But where was Dimitri? Theatergoers mingled around, some giving my disheveled state an odd look, as they either waited for tickets or discussed what movie they'd just seen. I saw no sign of Dimitri anywhere. I had no watch. How long had passed since we'd parted? Surely not a half hour. I walked around the theater, staying obscured in the crowd, searching for any indication of Dimitri or more pursuers. Nothing. Minutes ticked by. Uneasily, I reached into my pocket and touched the piece of paper with the phone number. Leave, he'd told me. Leave and call the number. Of course, I had no cell phone, but that was the least of my problems right now– â€Å"Rose!' A car pulled up at the curb where others were dropping people off. Dimitri was leaning out the driver's side window, and I nearly fell over in relief. Well, okay, not nearly. In reality, I didn't waste a moment in hurrying over to him and hopping into the passenger seat. Without a word, he hit the gas and got us away from the theater and back to the main road. We said nothing at first. He was so wound up and on edge, it seemed the slightest provocation would make him snap in half. He drove as fast as he could without attracting police attention, all the while glancing into the rearview mirror. â€Å"Is there anyone behind us?' I asked at last, as he drove back onto the highway. â€Å"It doesn't look like it. It'll take them a while to figure out what car we're in.' I hadn't paid much attention when I'd entered, but we were in a Honda Accord– another ordinary-looking car. I also noticed that there was no key in the ignition. â€Å"Did you hotwire this car?' I then rephrased my question. â€Å"Did you steal this car?' â€Å"You have an interesting set of morals,' he observed. â€Å"Breaking out of jail is okay. But steal a car, and you sound totally outraged.' â€Å"Im just more surprised than outraged,' I said, leaning back against the seat. I sighed. â€Å"I was afraid †¦ well, for a moment there, I was afraid you weren't coming. That they'd caught you or something.' â€Å"No. Most of my time was spent sneaking out and finding a suitable car.' A few minutes of silence fell. â€Å"You didn't ask what happened to me,' I pointed out, a little miffed. â€Å"Don't need to. You're here. That's what counts.' â€Å"I got in a fight.' â€Å"I can tell. Your sleeve is ripped.' I glanced down. Yup, ripped. I'd also lost the hat in my mad dash. No big loss. â€Å"Don't you want to know anything about the fight?' His eyes stayed on the road ahead of us. â€Å"I already know. You took down your enemy. You did it fast, and you did it well. Because you're just that good.' I pondered his words for a moment. They were matter-of-fact, all business †¦ and yet, his statement brought a tiny smile to my lips. â€Å"Okay. So what now, General? Don't you think they'll scan reports of stolen cars and get our license plate number?' â€Å"Likely. But by then, we'll have a new car–one they won't have any clue about.' I frowned. â€Å"How are you pulling that off?' â€Å"We're meeting someone in a few hours.' â€Å"Damn it. I really hate being the last one to know about everything.' â€Å"A few hours' put us in Roanoke, Virginia. Most of our drive had passed uneventfully up until that point. But as the city came into view, I noticed Dimitri watching the exit signs until he found the one he wanted. Turning off the interstate, he continued checking for a tail and found none. We reached another commerce-filled road, and he drove to a McDonald's that stood out clearly from the rest of the businesses. â€Å"I don't suppose,' I said, â€Å"that this is a food break?' â€Å"This,' he responded, â€Å"is where we catch our next ride.' He drove around the restaurant's parking lot, his eyes scanning for something, though I didn't initially know what. I spotted it a fraction of a second before he did. In the far corner of the lot, I saw a woman leaning against a tan SUV, her back to us. I couldn't see much of her except that she wore a dark shirt and had tousled blond hair that almost touched her shoulders. Dimitri pulled into the spot next to her vehicle, and I was out of ours the second he hit the brake. I recognized her before she even turned around. â€Å"Sydney?' The name came out as a question, though I knew for sure it was her. Her head turned, and I saw a familiar face–a human face–with brown eyes that could turn amber in the sun and a faint gold tattoo on her cheek. â€Å"Hey, Rose,' she said, a rueful smile playing on her lips. She held up a McDonald's bag. â€Å"Figured you'd be hungry.'

Broken Family

Coherence – means â€Å"holding together†. A paragraph is coherent when its major parts are all close joined together. It is considered as the continuity between as well as within the paragraph. It is very important to arrange and link the sentences between the paragraphs to be able to make the readers follow the thought or the idea that want to be implied. . Careful selection and arrangement of sentences so that they lead up to one idea (which is also known as the principle of unity) becomes more effective when the logical relationship between sentences is made clear. The writer should take pains to indicate the steps of the progress or forward movement which is involved in the idea of development. The principal means of achieving coherence is found in the arrangement of sentences to show a clear sequence of ideas, and in the use of structural devices to show the logical connection between sentences. There are two general ways of obtaining coherence in a paragraph. The first one is by the order in which the sentences are arranged. The second one is by structural devices such as transitional words and phrases, reference of pronouns and repetition of keywords. A. Order of sequence- arrangement of materials within a paragraph depends upon the nature of the subject itself and upon the purpose of the writer. All writing that aims to communicate ideas demands a logical arrangement and connection, but the kind of logic and connection depends upon the different materials and purposes. The problem of coherence is to arranged the sentences in a definite orderly sequence. 1. Descriptive details a. Order of place- arrangement in a spatial scheme. Details correspond to their actual position and progress in space. b. Order of outstanding feature- choosing a detail from which one works out and around. c. Order of relative importance- selecting detail that will make the greatest impression and then centering the description around it by reinforcing it with the rest of the details that will create the desired effect. 2. Narrative details- chronological order Events are arranged in a temporal scheme; one sentence follows another in the order of their succ ession of time. 3. Logical order- inductive method and deductive method In the logical order, materials are arranged in an order determined by reasoning. The writer may use the inductive method. It is done by starting the statement with more particular detail going to and supporting the general statement. And the deductive method. It is done by establishing a general statement moving to the more particular details that explain the general statement itself. B. Structural device Coherence in the paragraph has to do with the mechanical expression of the relationship between sentences, with the signs that indicate the connections between related units. These signs of continuity must be expressed in a clear, fluid movement that should make the course of the writer’s thought easy to follow. There are three general ways of doing this. 1. Transitional words and phrases Conjunction and conjunctional words and phrases make clear the connection between sentences. The writer should carefully study the exact relation of successive ideas in order to use these expressions accurately. 2. Reference of pronouns The forward movement of ideas is carried by pronouns and synonyms if the reference to their antecedents is clear. 3. Key words Significant words and phrases that are repeated several times in the paragraph make an idea or aspects of an idea stand out prominently. Broken Family Saturday, 06 March 2010 * Broken Family Relationships: When to Walk Away, and When to Run I have always had trouble getting along with my mother. Ever since I was old enough to have an opinion and arguably before then, my mother and I have been at odds. On top of that, I never even had a great relationship with my dad but that's a topic for another post entirely. A vast majority of my friends, peers, and coworkers have a relationship with at least one parent. It has really caused me to question a lot about my faith, myself, and the fairness of not being able to choose one's parents. The idea of a parent is a tough one.What does it take to make a parent? What is a good parent and what is a bad parent? Absentee parents fall somewhere in between because even if they live at the same address as their children, they're emotionally unavailable. According to dictionary. com,  the definition for parent  is: a mother or a father. I'm no expert on the etymology of words, but I think we sho uld redefine parents a bit. A parent is someone who loves, nurtures, and cares for their young. There are plenty of â€Å"parents† in the world who may not have bore children of their body but have certainly bore children of their heart.As a young Christian, I have been tormented by my relationship with my mother and my other family members. Over the years, my relationship with her and my siblings has deteriorated tremendously. On the one hand, Christians are told to be loving. We are to endure with one another and bare with one another. This is noble philosophy and life doctrine but implementation of it is excruciating. How do we know when to â€Å"endure with one and bare with one another† and when to draw the line to protect ourselves from mistreatment? I have grappled with this concept for years.When I have asked my friends their opinion, most of them shrug their shoulders and insist that I have to accept my family how they are. Obviously, these are individuals wit h relatively functional families. They have no idea what I'm subjecting myself by toughing it out and â€Å"dealing† with some of my relatives. Only until recently has God really started drawing my attention or I've been more attentive, to what His word says about parents and baring with them. A few days ago, I read 1 Kings 19: 20-21. It says: â€Å"Elisha then left his oxen and ran after Elijah. Let me kiss my father and mother good-by,† he said, â€Å"and then I will come with you. † â€Å"Go back,† Elijah replied. â€Å"What have I done to you? â€Å"†¦. Then he set out to follow Elijah and became his attendant. † In this verse, Elisha does not go back to his parents. Instead, he leaves his farming equipment and speeds to follow Elijah. In Hebrews 11:24, the Bible says â€Å"By faith Moses, when he had grown up, refused to be known as the son of Pharaoh's daughter. † In reality, Moses was the adopted son of Pharaoh's daughter but he re's where the debate on parents comes in.Pharaoh's daughter had parented Moses as if he were her own son. But Moses refused this tie to the Pharaoh's daughter. Similarly, Christians are free to cast down false relationship or ties to people by faith. Being cared for as a child is important but it should not be the sole reason why we keep contact with or relate to people that did so. Parenting is so much more that providing for a child. It is having a relationship with a child. I am sure that there are many people who have family problems. Not everyone needs to disown their parents and siblings to deal with it but sometimes it is necessary and even ordained by God.In Genesis 12:1, the Bible says: â€Å"The Lord had said to Abram, â€Å"Leave your country, your people and your fathers' household and go to the land I will show you. † The very first book in the Bible contains a story where God ordains a mighty man to leave his father's household. We are not meant to stay with o ur parents forever. There are plenty of stories throughout the Bible of people being at odds with family members. The story of Joseph is a prime example of sibling rivalry and dissension that leads to Joseph being betrayed and sold into slavery. His brothers were his blood kin but they did not have his best interest at heart.Maybe one way to analyze the story of Joseph is to say that God recognized the jealousy in the brothers of Joseph. Hence, he decided that it was even better for him to be sold into slavery than to live around a den of jealousy amongst â€Å"family ties†. Mothers, you can't live with 'em and you can't live without 'em. But God says that He will not leave us even when our mothers do. In my post:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In my Darkest Hours†¦ â€Å", I discuss the tension that can exist between family in greater depth. That post also talks about God's response as a loving Father and how He intervenes in these circumstances.How do you define a parent? Have you ever ha d a really tumultuous relationship with a parent that you couldn't over come? If you did overcome it, how so? Do you think that God may be calling you to something greater that will draw you away from conventional family ties? When do you bare with a parent, and when is it time to walk away from emotionally abusive relationships? 1. Isang pamilyang di magkasundo o/at magkahiwalay or divorced. 2. Ang broken family ay ung pamilyang nagkawatak watak kaya ngakakaroon ng broken family ay dahil sa ating mga magulang na hindi nagkakaunawaan. . If the father and the mother decided not to stay with each other because of their difference then that's what you called broken family. News Print Article  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Email Friend  Ã‚  |  Ã‚  Reprint Permissions Broken Family Structure Leads to Educational Difficulties for Children By Gudrun Schultz UNITED STATES, January 16, 2006 (LifeSiteNews. com) – The U. S Center for Marriage and Family released a study in November 2005 that show s broken family structures consistently lead to education difficulties for children. When it comes to educational achievement,† the study says, â€Å"children living with their own married parents do significantly better than other children. † The report found that children from non-intact families (children living in a situation other than with their own married father and mother) have significantly higher rates of difficulty with all levels of education, from pre-kindergarten through to primary, secondary, and college-age levels. Each year a child spends with a single mother or stepparent â€Å"reduces that child’s overall educational attainment by approximately one-half year† suggests the report.The study, a comprehensive review of recent academic research on the relationship between family structures and children’s academic performance, compared education outcomes from children growing up with their own married parents to children in non-intact family structures such as divorced, single, remarried or cohabiting parents. Family structure was consistently found to be the deciding factor in a wide range of child behaviors that directly influence academic performance, including emotional and psychological distress, attention disorders, social misbehavior, substance abuse, sexual activity and teen pregnancy.Children from non-intact homes had higher rates of stress, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem, particularly as teenagers. The study found that preschool children from broken homes were three times more likely to suffer from attention deficit disorders than children from intact homes. Children from single-parent homes suffered from more physical health problems, as well. Pre-school children from single-parent homes were also less likely to be read to or given help with letter-recognition. ADuring elementary school, children from non-intact families scored consistently lower on reading comprehension and math, and had more difficulty maintaining their grade levels overall. Children from married parents had much lower rates of behavioral problems in the classroom than children who did not live with married parents. In particular, boys from broken marriages showed a higher rate of classroom misbehavior. For teenagers, students from broken homes were 30 percent more likely to miss school, be late, or cut class than students from intact homes, in part because single parents had more difficulty monitoring their children.These children were also at higher risk for smoking, using drugs and consuming alcohol. Teenagers from non-intact families were more likely to be sexually active and had higher rates of pregnancy. Girls from divorced single-mother homes were at greatest risk for teenage pregnancy. The study also found that children who were in a single-parent or step-parent home by the time they were ten were more than twice as likely to be arrested by age 14. A Children who never lived with their own fath er had the highest likelihood of being arrested.The study reports that a majority of U. S. children will have spent a significant part of their childhood in a one-parent home by the time they reach 18. Single parent homes in the U. S. nearly doubled in the period from 1968-2003. Family Structure and Children’s Educational Outcomes: http://www. americanvalues. org/briefs/edoutcomes. htm broken family is one where the parents (mother and father) of a child or children have split up and no longer share a single family home as a family unit. This is also known as a broken home. Broken Family Coherence – means â€Å"holding together†. A paragraph is coherent when its major parts are all close joined together. It is considered as the continuity between as well as within the paragraph. It is very important to arrange and link the sentences between the paragraphs to be able to make the readers follow the thought or the idea that want to be implied. . Careful selection and arrangement of sentences so that they lead up to one idea (which is also known as the principle of unity) becomes more effective when the logical relationship between sentences is made clear. The writer should take pains to indicate the steps of the progress or forward movement which is involved in the idea of development. The principal means of achieving coherence is found in the arrangement of sentences to show a clear sequence of ideas, and in the use of structural devices to show the logical connection between sentences. There are two general ways of obtaining coherence in a paragraph. The first one is by the order in which the sentences are arranged. The second one is by structural devices such as transitional words and phrases, reference of pronouns and repetition of keywords. A. Order of sequence- arrangement of materials within a paragraph depends upon the nature of the subject itself and upon the purpose of the writer. All writing that aims to communicate ideas demands a logical arrangement and connection, but the kind of logic and connection depends upon the different materials and purposes. The problem of coherence is to arranged the sentences in a definite orderly sequence. 1. Descriptive details a. Order of place- arrangement in a spatial scheme. Details correspond to their actual position and progress in space. b. Order of outstanding feature- choosing a detail from which one works out and around. c. Order of relative importance- selecting detail that will make the greatest impression and then centering the description around it by reinforcing it with the rest of the details that will create the desired effect. 2. Narrative details- chronological order Events are arranged in a temporal scheme; one sentence follows another in the order of their succ ession of time. 3. Logical order- inductive method and deductive method In the logical order, materials are arranged in an order determined by reasoning. The writer may use the inductive method. It is done by starting the statement with more particular detail going to and supporting the general statement. And the deductive method. It is done by establishing a general statement moving to the more particular details that explain the general statement itself. B. Structural device Coherence in the paragraph has to do with the mechanical expression of the relationship between sentences, with the signs that indicate the connections between related units. These signs of continuity must be expressed in a clear, fluid movement that should make the course of the writer’s thought easy to follow. There are three general ways of doing this. 1. Transitional words and phrases Conjunction and conjunctional words and phrases make clear the connection between sentences. The writer should carefully study the exact relation of successive ideas in order to use these expressions accurately. 2. Reference of pronouns The forward movement of ideas is carried by pronouns and synonyms if the reference to their antecedents is clear. 3. Key words Significant words and phrases that are repeated several times in the paragraph make an idea or aspects of an idea stand out prominently.

Cultures in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultures in Organizations - Essay Example Among other tools used by managers to control behavior of employees, include working language, beliefs, symbols and acceptable habits at the organization. Such tools constitute an organizational culture and subcultures. Communication is an essential cultural aspect that influences the productivity of an organization. The management of the organization therefore invests most of its resources to manage the flow of information within the organization. Information for example is an equally important asset in an organization since the information influences the management, production and marketing among other important features of the organization. This explains the various policies that control the flow of information in the organization. Working language is a primary feature that manages the flow of information besides influencing the culture within the organization (Jex & Britt 77). Most organizations have an official operational language within the organization. Besides the use of a specific language, organizations also have specific channels of communication with certain media considered official. The use of video conferencing, telephones and emails have become official channels of communication th at expedites management operations. Deal and Kennedy define organizational culture liberally as the manner in which organizations operate. In their definition, they provide a number of organizational cultures defining the relationship among the employees and managers within the organization and the influence of such relationships in the productivity of the organization. Among the organizational cultures the two scholars propagate, include work hard play hard culture. The culture explains the operations of restaurants and fast food cafes. Such cultures have low risks and rapid results. Such cultures require cohesive organizations with the coordination between the management and the employees. Effective

Small business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Small business - Essay Example Purpose - ABS & Associates is a new brand within the United Kingdom consultancy industry that intends to provide fast, reliable accounting, technical and managerial assistance to local, national and international businesses. With ABS & Associates, we sell solutions & results. Our Objective: ABS & Associates short term objectives are to generate a margin of profit, grow at a challenging and manageable rate, and make a margin of 12% within the first few years of operation. Our long term objectives include ascending to the top five positions in the industry, become a leading auditing and consulting brand within Europe, capturing about 30% of the European and the UK consulting industry market share. The timing for setting up this business venture is the best. In the present phase of rampant accounting and auditing scandals coupled with stringent and ‘difficult to interpret and understand’ regulations set forth by regulatory bodies, the global financial crisis, ABS and Associates business consultancy intends to give prospective clients just the services they much desire to sail out of these huddles. The present niche market, existing demand from prospective clients, as well as personal desire nested at college to one day start our auditing and consulting business, the procurement and existence of highly professional and qualified Accountants at our reach and scope to support the business, give this venture a bright future. The proprietor of this business ABS, has masters degrees in Business Administration, is a Certified Public Accountants with thirteen years of professional experience in the Accounting/Auditing business. My desire of quality services and access to a pool of talented team of Accountants and Consultants will provide ABS & Associates with what it takes to make this venture an extremely successful one. (Bourdieu et al, 1984). In the light of our vision and mission statements, the growing reputation of the

Employment law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employment law - Assignment Example Sam was hired as an employee and Arnie was hired as an independent contractor. They both work in the same BRC office under the same supervisor. They both work Monday through Friday during standard business hours. Both are required to report weekly staff meetings. Sam is paid a salary and proper federal and state tax withholdings are made. Arnie does not receive benefits like retirement and health insurance and he is paid by the project with no federal and state withholdings. Arnie signed a contract that clearly stated that he was an independent contractor and not an employee. Answer: the employer has acted to fill a particular position, when the individual has followed the employer’s standard procedures for submitting applications, and when the individual has indicated an interest in the particular position. 8. Under the inevitable disclosure theory, a court may prohibit an employee from working for a former employer’s competitor, if the employer can show that there is imminent threat that a trade secret will be shared and the employee has intent to disclose the secret, and the trade secret would give the former employer’s competitor a significant advantage in the market. 1. Colton Manufacturing shuts down 3 manufacturing facilities without prior notice to its 3000 employees. Colton has graciously offered to provide outsourcing assistance to its displaced employees and informed them of their rights to continue to receive health insurance coverage through COBRA for eighteen months. Colton has to further liability to its former employees. 3. An employer can successfully defend a charge of disparate treatment discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act offering a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the action taken regarding the charging party. 5. Davis Hosiery Mills has each new employee sign a form acknowledging receipt of the company’s handbook. The handbook states that employees will be terminated for good cause

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion Board - Essay Example r-related theft, internet fraud (in relation to credit card transaction and payment security), as well as operating the business in an environment where risky decision-making is kept to a minimum. To ensure minimal risk, the organization will implement a series of employee-targeted training seminars which will highlight the expectations of the company in relation to its policies on honesty and integrity, with a stern listing of potential disciplinary actions for failure to work in an ethical manner. For instance, these policies and procedures will be well-documented within an employee handbook, which will be distributed to each and every new hire at OASOGB. The costs of producing this handbook are minimal, however the gains received by protecting the organization from theft, or lawsuits pending due to employee grievances for unfair labor policies, will completely satisfy the companys legal obligations to generate policies which clearly define the firms stand on employee integrity. Further associated with risk management will be the companys firm recognition of the competitive environment in which Old American Special Occasion Gift Baskets will attempt to thrive. Having previously identified (in the letter to the investor) that the organization will be undertaking a significant marketing initiative, the organization will conduct a thorough SWOT analysis to identify a series of potential strengths and opportunities available to the start-up firm, while also illustrating potential competitor threats and company-related weaknesses needing additional leadership attention. For instance, in order to maintain a competitive edge, OASOGB must be routinely aware of the marketing activities of other competitive entities and attempt to combat any marketing which appears to be taking our local market share away from OASOGB. This will involve the creation of a marketing analysis division at the company, which will consist of a small team of professionals who are actively

Canada's Maple Leaf Bust Crack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Canada's Maple Leaf Bust Crack - Essay Example Articles by the media in the summer of 2008 covered reports on the outbreak showing colorful slips of a ‘listeriosis investigation’ eventually turned to entire wrenched, gray pieces such as â€Å"Sorry Situation† (Brent, 2008). In December following the summer which became a funeral mourning 22 million deaths upon the eating of cold-cuts sold by Maple Leaf Food’s two tainted lines at the entity’s Toronto headquarters, a $27 million-dollar class action lawsuit disabling a company which had already suffered a deficit that semester, the report fell that safety measures had shattered. Litigation inched its way into the top Canadian food-processing industry as the sentient illness forced its way across papers, the public opinion crying out a public timeline: â€Å"Listeriosis Outbreak in Toronto Now Linked to Five Deaths† (Ewing, 2008) in August, â€Å"Sorry Situation† (Brent, 2008), for September’s glow, and October’s gold-ree l, â€Å"Maple Leaf finds new listeria cases† (Elliott, 2008). President and chief-executive of the mega multi-billion dollar service-issuer in a clear concise way emulated a stream of heartfelt warmth to the public betwixt the sparkling timeline filled with protocol and positive results. In 2004 an article by Salvage entitled, â€Å"Petite hams pack a punch: smaller products are designed for on-the-go families,† excited consumers before four years along the timeline later another enchantment, â€Å"Maple Leaf designs pigs for markets† (Bertin, 2001), again stole the market. ... Total net revenue earnings were stunted by comparison with the previous year of 2005 in the range of $48.6 million and $815.9 million as opposed to the prior offsetting $101.9 and $800.8 million of agribusiness income and sales. Yet a hardwood-smoked, boneless, two pound ham offered a beautiful competition, on which a new sensation was being brought up, which elevated flexibility, color-binding, color and protein maximization at the foreground of a link between restructuring costs and Maple Leaf food designs, which was gaining speed in the race of the farmer’s market phenomenon. As all members of the now global indiscriminate ravager that has made its unique debut as the food industry must fall under the trick eventually, all facets indubitably must be tempted by that dollar which is called progress. Maple Leaf Incorporations won a nationally-esteemed award which bounded off its renovated products in 2011. While unpredictability should no doubt be a factor after the outbreak t wo years earlier, Canada’s grocer spontaneously waltzed to the front of the better end of its crisis quite literally, as the informational media announcement on paper specified in the heading called, â€Å"Contrite Maple Leaf vaults to forefront of food safety,† Sperber’s 2010 praise that detailed management’s proactive response to the fiasco two years prior. Even still Maple Leaf’s attempts at safety protocols and mandates before the widespread incident was in a small way commendable. In a spill of paramount thanks to the company’s chief executive and President Michael McCain, who inarguably urged to employ higher-tech equipment to ensure 2002 meat safety, Maple Leaf won the Annual Food Safety Leadership Award in 2006. Such cannot provide though, to that

Asian Commercial Dominance Annotated Bibliography

Asian Commercial Dominance - Annotated Bibliography Example This is politically, socially and economically. Its dominance economically is represented by countries in this continent. Singapore, Indonesia, Japan, China, India and South Korea are some of the countries that contribute to its economic stability. It is the annual GDP from these countries that has enabled the continent to compete actively with Europe. Other countries like Mongolia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand have also grown tremendously in the economic sector. All this coupled with the minerals in some of the Asian countries ensures that it expands economically. Minerals are found in abundance in Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia amongst others. This has enabled the economic exchange between this continent and many others (Levinson, p 34). The European continent has over the years held the helm in economic stability. It is ranked the highest in relation to current GDP. This position is threatened by the continued dominance of the Asian continent. Th e above mentioned countries have contributed in their own way to overall Asia’s economic dominance. China has grown steadily over the years to ensure that it is the second largest economic powerhouse in the world. It strongly competes with the nation of Japan. This is in relation to many manufacturing plants. Japan is a powerhouse for very many industrial companies all over the world. It is famous for worldwide brands that include Samsung, Toshiba, Sharp, Phillips, and LG amongst many others (Higham, p 45).

The Effect of Learing Styles With Young Learners Research Paper

The Effect of Learing Styles With Young Learners - Research Paper Example This paper stresses that traditional methods of teaching never addressed the needs of each and every people in the class. The teacher often adopts a common strategy for everyone irrespective of whether the student is brilliant or not. The teacher never bothered about teaching individually. In the traditional methods of teaching, punishments were implemented as part of motivating the students. Traditional methods never focused in developing the skills of the students. It focused simply in injecting volumes of content into the minds of the students. In other words, traditional methods emphasized more on knowledge and understanding while avoiding the needs of application and the skill development. As per the current learning concepts, the curriculum is revolving around the student rather than the teacher. The needs of the students have given more priority in the current classroom teaching methods. Based on these changing concepts of learning, the learning styles were given more importan ce in the present curriculum. This report makes a conclusion that learning styles have an important role in helping the student for proper learning. Different students may have different learning styles because of their individual differences due to heredity and environment. Instead of avoiding passive students, the teachers should try to understand the learning styles of each student and in order to teach them effectively and to make them active in the classroom. The teacher should adopt audio, video mediums along with kinesthetic and tactile mediums for making the learning meaningful. Meta cognitive system is more dominant compared to the cognitive system in the learning process and the teacher must realize it in order to devise effective teaching strategies.

Schindler Elevators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Schindler Elevators - Essay Example Large corporations have a responsibility to ensure that they fulfill their promises of quality and confidence. While large businesses have thousands of customers, dissatisfying one customer or not fulfilling customers’ expectations can significantly affect the reputation of a company. Companies rely upon word of mouth, and after building a reputation that has prevailed for years, one incident can change the perception of their customers forever (Ouchi, 1981, p. 82). Once a company makes a mistake, they will take numerous actions to compensate the customer or let the public know their viewpoint regarding the incident. Some mistakes are forgivable and only affect the company’s short-term sales while other mistakes may even cause the company to file bankruptcy or go out of business (Ohmae, 1982, pp. 45-48). Accidents that cause death, injury, or serious mistreatment of customers may result in a boycott of the company’s products, as well (Schendel, 1979, p. 45). Smal ler mistakes such as faulty products or malfunctioning goods may only result in the company having to replace the products and refund the customer (Barney, 1986, p. 1236). Discussion Japan is a market with very high context culture and very strict standards of adherence to cultural practices. The Japanese are not sympathetic towards other cultures and do not allow international companies to take advantage of using different social norms when they conduct business in Japan. Japanese customers expect extremely high quality standards and do not tolerate even slight deviances from those standards. It is mandatory to please Japanese customers and mistakes are not easily forgiven. Operating in this rigid environment was the renowned company, Schindler Elevators. The company was established by Robert Schindler in 1875 in Germany. Little by little, the company grew and expanded into other areas such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Today, Schindler is the world’s leading supplie r of escalators and elevators and is responsible for making some of the world’s best transport systems. It is also responsible for transporting approximately 700 million people daily (Schindler, 2006; Fink, 1986, pp. 76-79). However, Schindler Elevators is seriously suffering from decreasing market share and sales in Japan and it is even unable to find employees in the Japanese market because of an accident that occurred with one of its elevators. Schindler’s bad reputation also caused it to lose service contracts. The accident that got Schindler into trouble occurred in 2006 in Minato Ward, Tokyo. A 16-year old boy was getting off a Schindler elevator with his bicycle while the doors were ajar. The elevator began to move upwards and the boy was crushed between the doorframes and died instantly. The Japanese were outraged. Immediately following the accident, Schindler gave a press conference. While Schindler sympathised with the victim’s family, the company also maintained that there was no fault in the quality standards of the elevator and it asserted that the company was very particular about its safety standards. This press conference was followed by a series of additional press conferences in which Schindler explained the accident but did not apologize to the victim’s family or meet them. The Japanese expected an immediate and complete apology, but it took nine days for the Schindler Company to apologize after the accident, and the Japanese did not consider it a full apology (Japan Times, 2009). The public perception was that the company was arrogant and lacked high quality standards and a sense of responsibility. The Japanese are not used to companies that do not perceive responsibility as an

Gambling Research Essay Example for Free

Gambling Research Essay Gambling refers to the play of any game where there is money, or something of value at stake. There are many different forms of gambling including horse races, lotteries, casinos, scratch cards, stock market betting, and even more recently internet gambling. Although these games are meant for recreational use, the thrill of gambling causes some people to become so involved in it that they become dependent on gambling. The effects of gambling can cause damage psychologically, be very harmful to one’s social life and can also cause many physical damages. Gambling addiction and pathological gambling is not always seen as dangerous as other addictions like substance abuse but it can in fact be a very damaging addiction to many aspects of life and should be considered a major health problem. Not everyone who gambles has a gambling addiction or even has the capability of being addicted to gambling. The majority of people who gamble do not have an addiction and simply do it for recreational purposes. But there is a small percentage of people who gamble who are considered problem gamblers or pathological gamblers. Pathological gamblers is described as, â€Å"Pathological gambling is characterized by chronic and irresistible impulses to gamble, with consequent gambling compromises and disruptions to family, personal and vocational pursuits.† (Coman, Burrows Evans, 1997) This addiction causes the gambler to gamble very frequently, often times they will begin to make bigger and bigger bets and receiving feelings of anxiety or depression when they are not gambling. Pathological gambling can also include gambling to recover losses from previous gambling episodes, lying to family members to try and hide their habits, committing criminal acts to obtain money for gambling and relying on others to provide money to relieve them from their financial situation. This is a very serious addiction and should be considered a major health problem because it can negatively affect many serious aspects of an individual’s life. There are many different influences and gateways that can lead to gambling and even a gambling addiction. Although things like scratch cards may not seem like much of a threat to becoming an addiction, they can intrigue the thought of winning money purely by chance which is a dangerous mindset to have. Another factor that can lead to a gambling addiction is the link between the proximity from the casino and gambling participation. Living close to a casino causes much more accessibility and can add to the possibility of gaining an addiction, â€Å"additional gambling opportunities due to the presence of a casino increase the prevalence of gambling-related problems for people who live close to a casino, as compared with people who live far from one.†(Sevigny, Ladouceur, Jacques Cantinotti, 2008)People who live closer to the casino are much more likely to just â€Å"drop by† and play a few hands rather than people who live farther and have to make an evening of it. Accessibility can have a large impact on gaining an addiction to gambling. Also, the recent popularity of poker has a huge impact on the view of gambling for younger people. Poker has become very popular in our society today and is televised quite frequently showing these players not only making a living from this game of chance, but becoming millionaires. Some of these players are seen as celebrities who can cause some younger audiences to look up to them and strive to be like them. These aspects do not directly lead to a gambling problem but they can definitely help lead to one. Technology has become a large contributory factor to problem gambling. As stated earlier, accessibility can have a large impact on gaining an addiction to gambling and the technology of internet has brought accessibility of gambling to a whole new level. Gambling over the internet should be a major concern because the increase in gambling opportunities gives the potential for an increase in problem gamblers . Research evidence in other countries has clearly shown that: â€Å"where accessibility of gambling is increased there is an increase not only in the number of regular gamblers but also an increase in the number of problem gamblers.† (Griffiths, 1999) Internet gambling websites has dramatically increased this accessibility which will in turn increase the number of people gambling. Not everyone is susceptible to becoming a problem gambler, but the more people gambling, the more people who have the chance of becoming addicted. The popularity of internet gambling is on the rise with its easy accessibility and quickness. This popularity itself cannot lead to a gambling addiction but a number of the more popular poker players on television often promote different gambling websites where anyone of any age can play poker online. The websites allow someone to play in tournaments, play with friends and play with fake money or even real money. They are very appealing to people of all ages and easily accessible all the time which makes them a threat to contributing to problem gamblers and youth gambling. When someone suffers from problem gambling, it is not only that individual that is affected but their family, friends and community as well . There can be some positive aspects of gambling in terms of the social effects of gambling. Gambling can be seen as a recreation, a break from their problems of everyday life and a nice night out. Yet these positive effects only exist if gambling is done in moderation. Once gambling becomes a habit and a necessity is where the negative impacts arrive. Often, it’s those close to the pathological gambler that suffer the most. Constant gambling takes time away from family, friends and other activities. If gambling becomes a problem, it can cause loss of trust between individuals and family members which can lead to family related problems and even divorce. Generally, the social problems begin with borrowing of money to support their addiction. At this point, many friends and family may lose touch with the gambler. Being distanced from those who are closest can cause desperation which may lead to criminal activity. Pathological gambling can become so severe that they can resort to criminal activity in a last effort to support their financial needs. People are more likely to commit crime without thinking of the consequences when they are in a desperation mindset which is what can happen after a big loss due to gambling. Supporters for the spread of legalized gambling make claims about economic growth and more jobs but opponents have a strong case saying, â€Å"various forms of street crimes, such as robberies and automobile thefts, come with gambling, as well as problems with connections to organized crime The majority of Wisconsin problem gamblers in treatment that were interviewed in Thompson et al. (1999) admitted to crimes as a result of their gambling activity, primarily property crimes.† (Gazel, Rickman Thompson, 2001) Pathological gamblers reach a point where there are no options left so they have to resort to illegal means to support themselves displaying the severity and control that a gambling addiction can have. Having a gambling addiction does not just affect someone economically or socially but it can deeply affect them psychologically. Once a pathological gambler is down money, they will make bets to try and regain that money that they have lost. Instead of cutting their losses, they get deeper into debt, preoccupying themselves with gambling, determined to win big to repay their loans and solve all their problems (Griffiths, 2001). A very dangerous way of thinking is the â€Å"what if I win† mentality. This way of thinking is especially dangerous because then they are more prone to make bigger bets with money they may not have to lose so they can receive bigger rewards. A large factor for whether someone develops this addiction has a lot to do with their personality. The type of personality someone has can have on whether or not someone develops a gambling addiction or not. Gambling is characterized by an â€Å"unrealistic optimism by the gambler† (Griffiths, 2001). For the most part people believe that optimism is a good way to live life by always seeing the positive things instead of dwelling on the negatives. Optimists are known to be less likely to suffer from depression symptoms following a stressful event and seem to have more psychological benefits when compared to pessimists. Although in terms of gambling, optimism can be counterproductive, â€Å"Optimists may be especially susceptible to maintaining illusory gambling expectations. Because of their generalized expectations for success, optimists may approach gambling with the belief that they can win.† (Gibson Sanbonmatsu, 2004) Optimists may also have a tendency to look at the positive aspects in a situation which may prolong their gambling thinking that they will win it all back. Also, people who are risk takers are more prone to gambling addiction than someone who is more conservative. Not everyone is susceptible to becoming a pathological gambler and a great deal of the matter has to do with their personality type and how they look at different negative situations. Having a gambling addiction not only affects one’s social life but it can have a great impact on your mind and even cause physical difficulties. Pathological gamblers often suffer from stress-related disorders such as depression, insomnia, intestinal disorders and migraines. Health problems do not only occur from the gambling itself but a significant amount of people suffer problems from the withdrawal, â€Å"Rosenthal and Lesieur (1992) found that at least 65 percent of pathological gamblers reported at least one physical side-effect during withdrawal including insomnia, headaches, upset stomach, loss of appetite, physical weakness, heart racing, muscle aches, breathing difficulty and/or chills.† (Griffiths, 2001) It was also found that pathological gamblers experienced more physical withdrawal effects when attempting to stop than substance abusers who are attempting to quit. This is quite astonishing and again proves why gambling addiction is a very serious matter and should be considered just as much of a health problem as addiction to alcohol or other substances. Pathological gambling can cause great psychological damage and can cause people to do irrational things after a big loss which can sometimes even lead to suicide. Pathological gambling and suicide have been known to have a link to each other. Suicidal attempts among pathological gamblers are much more frequent than among the general public. The American Psychiatric Association did a study that with these results, â€Å"Of individuals in treatment for Pathological Gambling, 20% are reported to have attempted suicide, (American Psychiatric Association (APA))† (Penfold, Hatcher, Sullivan Collins, 2006) For many gamblers, coping with the negative emotions relating to their issues in their life can be overwhelming. Feelings of shame, hopelessness and failure may be hard to bear which sometimes makes suicide seem like the best solution for their problems. The damage to the mental aspects is one of the reasons that make pathological gambling so dangerous. The act of gambling and casinos is a very controversial topic. There are some positive aspects to the casino and gambling that include a source of jobs and economic development. Gambling is meant to be for recreational use on occasion but it can also be very dangerous. Certain people with certain personality types and lifestyles may be prone to becoming a pathological gambler. The effects of pathological gambling can cause a lot of harm psychologically, destroy someone’s social and family life, cause physical damage to themselves which can even lead to their death. Gambling addiction may not be seen as dangerous or likely to happen as other addictions but the results from being a pathological gambler can be just as harmful as other addictions and should be considered just as much as a serious health issue as everything else. References: Griffiths, M. (1999). Gambling Technologies: Prospects for Problem Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, vol.15, no.3, p.265-283. Griffiths, M. (2001). Gambling: An Emerging Area of Concern for Health Psychologists. Journal of Psychology, vol.6, no.5, p.477-479. Gibson, B., Sanbonmatsu, D. (2004). Optimism, Pessimism, and Gambling: The Downside of Optimism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 149-160. Coman, J., Burrows, G., Evans, B. (1997). Stress and Anxiety as Factors in the Onset of Problem Gambling: Implications for Treatment. Stress Medicine, Vol.13, no.4, p.235-244. Sevigny, S., Ladouceur, R., Jacques, C., Cantinotti, M. (2008). Links between Casino Proximity and Gambling Participation, Expenditure, and Pathology. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, vol. 22, no.2, p.295-301. Penfold, A., Hatcher, S., Sullivan, S., Collins, N. (2006) Gambling Problems and Attempted Suicide. Part 1. High Prevalence amongst Hospital Admissions. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, vol.4, no.3, p.265-272. Gazel, R., Rickman, D., Thompson, W. (2001) Casino Gambling and Crime: a Panel Study of Wisconsin Counties. Managerial and Decision Economics, vol.22, no.1-3, p.65-75.

Transient Over Voltages Analysis In Power System Engineering Essay

Transient Over Voltages Analysis In Power System Engineering Essay Transient over-voltage is one of main causes for unscheduled interruption in power transmission and distribution systems including a smart grid. A surge over-voltage due to lightning and switching operation results in damages in an electrical power system and often leads to power outages. Predictive calculations of over-voltages generated by the lightning and the switching operation in the transmission and distribution systems are most essential for an economical insulation design and a reliable operation of the transmission and distribution systems. The transient over-voltage can be high frequency, medium frequency or low frequency. The transient over-voltage is dangerous to both lines as well as the connected equipment and may cause damage to the equipment. This project analyzes the transient at the load after switching. This project will discuss about analyzing a transient over-voltages which is the cause and the effect of the transient over-voltages. The method to solve this tran sient over-voltages also been discussed in this project. The PSCAD simulation is used for the transient analysis in this project to design the power system circuits. Problem Statement Voltage transient in Electric Power System appear several disturbances, sometimes very dangerous for the electrical equipment life, for the environment and for the human life. Switching transient phenomena produce in Power Systems over-voltages, over-currents and electrical fields, which havent to neglect. Thus was modeling and simulated the switching transient phenomena, consequently the electric fields and the possible negative influence about electrical equipment, environment and human life. Voltage transient in power system are cause by switching operation, lightning and faults in the system. The over-voltages can be dangerous to both the lines as well as the connected equipment and may cause damage to the equipment. Purpose of this project is to analyze the transient over-voltages at the load and to identify the method to reduce the effect of transient over-voltages. 1.2 Project Objective The objective of this project is as follows: Identify the effect and the cause of transient over-voltages and also the method to solving transient over-voltages. Simulate the transient over-voltages at the load after switching and design the power system circuits by using PSCAD simulation. Analyze the result after switching and after use pre-insertion resistor. 1.3 Project Scope In order to achieve the objective of this project, there are several scopes had been outlined as follows: Analysis on the distribution system. Generating the transient over-voltages waveform by using PSCAD simulation. The analysis is just focusing into transient over-voltages that occur because of the switching capacitor. Chapter 2 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Voltage transients in power systems are caused by switching actions, lightning and faults in the system. Different phenomena create different types of transients. Oscillatory transients are caused mainly by switching phenomena in the network. The most common switching action is capacitor bank switching. The most severe transients are caused by capacitor energizing while capacitor de-energizing only causes a minor transient. Oscillatory transients are characterized by duration, magnitude and spectral content. There are subclasses of oscillatory transients depending on the dominant frequency. In this project it will more focus on switching devices. 2.2 Power System Electric power system is a very important part of the infrastructure of modern society. The power system today is very complex interconnected network. Electric power system is the system that can transform and change the form of the energy into electrical energy and transmit it to consumer. Technology today still cannot store the electricity that has been produced. The electrical energy only produce when needed or it will use after it is produced. As the effect, the management on the electricity becomes hard and difficult. The power system may be subdivided into the four major subsystems which are Generation subsystem, Transmission subsystem, Distribution subsystem and utilize subsystem. Figure 2.1 shows the power system that divided into generation, transmission and distribution. Figure 2.1: The Electric Power System 2.2.1 Generation Subsystem There are two major components in the generation system which is generators and transformers. For generators, an essential component of power systems is the three phase alternating current, ac, generator known as synchronous generator or alternator [1]. The source of the mechanical power, commonly known as the prime mover, may be hydraulic turbines, steam turbines whose energy comes from the burning of coal, gas and nuclear fuel, gas turbines, or occasionally internal combustion engines burning oil [1]. Some alternate sources used are solar power, geothermal power, wind power, tidal power and biomass. The power transformer transfer power with very high efficiency from one level of voltage to another level [1]. The transformer is been used to step up or step down the voltage. Insulation requirements and other practical design problems limit the generated voltage to low value, usually 30 kV. The step up is used for transmission of power. At the receiving end of the transmission lines, step down transformers are used to reduce the voltage to suitable values for distribution or utilization. The electricity in an electric power system may undergo four or five transformations between generator and consumers [1]. 2.2.2 Transmission Subsystem An overhead transmission network transfer electric power from generating units to the distribution system which ultimately supplies the load. It also interconnects neighboring utilities which allow the economic dispatch of power within regions during normal conditions, and the transfer of power between regions during emergencies. The network that interconnected between the utilities and load is called system grid [2]. The transmission line can be categorized into two categories which are high voltage transmission line and sub transmission line system. The difference between these two systems is in the voltage where for the high voltage, the level for transmission line voltage can reach 500kV and for sub transmission are in between 69kV to 138kV. All the transmission will be terminated at the substation [1]. 2.2.3 Distribution Subsystem The distribution system connects the distribution substations to the consumers service-entrance equipment. The voltage for this type of system has been reduced by using step down transformer from 66 kV to 22 kV and below. The secondary distribution network reduces the voltages for utilization by commercial and residential consumers. Lines and cables not exceeding a few hundred feet in length then deliver power to the individual consumers. The secondary distribution serves most of the customers at levels of 240 V for single phase and 415 V for three phases. Distribution systems are both overhead and underground. The growth of underground distribution has been extremely rapid and as much as 70 percent of new residential construction is via underground systems [1]. 2.2.4 Utilization Subsystem The utilities system or power system loads are divided into three main categories which are industrial, commercial and residential. Industrial loads are composite loads and induction motors form a high proportion of these loads [1]. These composite loads are functions of voltage and frequency and form a major part of the system load [1]. On the other hand, commercial and residential loads consist largely of lighting, heating, air conditioning and cooking [1]. These loads are independent of frequency and consume negligibly small reactive power [1]. The load varies throughout the day and power must be available to consumers on demand. The daily-load curve of a utility is a composite of demand made by various classes of users. The greatest value of load during 24 hour period is called the peak or maximum demand [1]. 2.3 Transient Over-voltages Transient is a sudden increase in current or voltage in a circuit that can damage sensitive components and instruments. Transient overvoltages are a voltage peak with a maximum duration of less than one millisecond. It can be high, medium, or low frequency. Transient overvoltages on power system are due to various causes and can be classified into two main categories, external and internal overvoltages [3]. Natural overvoltages on low voltage networks are caused by direct lightning strikes. Lightning is an external overvoltage. The high level of energy contained in a direct lightning strike on a lightning conductor or an overhead low voltage line leads to considerable damage of the installation. The overvoltages can be over 20 times the nominal voltage. Operating or switching overvoltages linked to a networks equipment create overvoltages of a lower level 3 to 5 times the nominal voltage but occur much more frequently, thus causing premature ageing of the equipment. Switching overvol tages is an internal overvoltage. Transient overvoltages are generally oscillatory and take the form of a damped sinusoid. The frequency of these overvoltages may vary from a few hundred Hz to a few kHz and it is governed by the inherent capacitances and inductances of the circuit. 2.2 Switching Capacitor Equipment containing electronic switching components is also likely to generate electrical disturbances comparable to over-voltages. The consequences of which on sensitive equipment, albeit not visible, are no less detrimental: premature ageing and unpredictable or fleeting breakdowns. Operating over-voltages are produced when reactive or capacitive equipment is switched on and off. Furthermore, interrupting factory production, lighting or transformers can generate over-voltages which will themselves cause greater damage to nearby electrical equipment. In general, these over-voltages are caused by transient phenomena which appear when the state of the network is changed by switching operation or fault condition. Example of these over-voltages is switching on and off equipment, such as switching of high voltage reactors and switching of a transformer at no load. The time duration of the switching over-voltages is longer than lightning. This overvoltage is most disastrous to the power system equipments because it happen many time than lightning. Closing, opening, disconnection and re-striking in a power system circuit result in over-voltages six times than the normal voltage. Shunt capacitors banks are common devices used in power system for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation and power factor correction. These capacitors are implemented in the system in order to control system voltage, increase power transfer capability, reduce equipment loading, and reduce energy costs by improving power factor of the system. However, energizing these shunt capacitors produces a transient oscillation in the power systems. Due to the fact that the operation of switching shunt capacitors happens frequently, shunt capacitor switching is regarded as the main source of generating transient voltages on many utility systems. These transients can cause damages on both utility systems and customer systems, depending on the system parameters such as switched shunt capacitor size, transformer size, and the type of customer loads connected to the system. Transient frequencies due to utility distribution capacitor switching usually fall in the range 300 Hz to 1000 Hz. Transient over-voltages which result are usually not of concern to the utility, since peak magnitudes are just below the level in which utility surge protection, such as arresters, begins to operate. However, because of the relatively low frequency, these transients will pass through step-down transformers to customer loads. Secondary over-voltages can c ause voltage magnification or nuisance tripping of adjustable-speed drives. Figure 2.2 show the example of single line diagram of the power system using shunt capacitor. Figure 2.3 show the transient voltage at the switched shunt capacitor. This is the example of the transient in the voltage waveform. Figure 2.4 show the transient voltage at the low voltage capacitor that has been magnetized. Figure 2.2: Example of Single Line Diagram of the Power System Using Shunt Capacitor Figure 2.3: Transient Voltages at the Switched Shunt Capacitor Figure 2.4: Magnified Transient Voltage at the Low Voltage Capacitor 2.3 Pre-Insertion Resistor There are several techniques to mitigation the switching transient in the distribution circuit and one of the techniques that use in this project is pre-insertion resistor. A pre-insertion resistor provides a means for reducing the transient voltages associated with the energization of a shunt capacitor bank. The resistors were connected in series with the controlled capacitor bank to damp the transient inrush current. The resistor is bypassed shortly after the initial transient dissipates, thereby producing second transient event. An additional switch is use to bypass this resistor. The performance of pre-insertion resistor is evaluated using both the insertion and bypass transient magnitudes, as well as the capability to dissipate the energy associated with the event and repeat the event on a regular basis. The size for this resistor was calculated from equation 2.1 and 2.2. The optimum resistor value for controlling capacitor energizing transients depends primarily on the capacito r size and the source strength. The value of the resistor is approximately equal to the surge impedance, Zo, from equation 2.3. R = (2.1) Z = (2.2) Roptimum ≈ Z (2.3) Chapter 3 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction This chapter describes about the step that needed in this project. Figure 3.1 show the block diagram of analysis and figure 3.2 show the flowchart of the process analysis. This block diagram shows the step from the first step of the project which is design the circuit to the final step which is result and analysis. Design Circuit Placing Input and Output Devices Running Simulation Result and Analysis Figure 3.1: The Block Diagram of Analysis In order to get the result from the Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD), the user should follow the step as follow in the Figure 3.2. Figure 3.2: Flowchart of Process Analysis 3.2 Design Circuit This is the process to build up the diagram of the circuit for the analysis. The user need to choose and selecting component from master library and put it in the main page where the user will construct the circuit. There are many components with a different type of setting. The user only need to double click on the component to edit or changes the setting and parameter. Project development consists of two parts electronic and software designs. Figure 3.2 show the three phase source that use in this project. This source impedance is type R because resistor connected series with the source. The source in this project is being controlled through fixed parameter. Figure 3.2: Three Phase Source Figure 3.3 show the three phase transformer that use in this project. The type of the transformer is a three phase and two winding transformer. The transformer is connected in star delta connection. Other characteristic for the transformer in this project is the transformer use to step up the voltage. Figure 3.3: Three Phase Transformer 3.3 Placing Input and Output Devices This process is used to get the measurement, signal and waveform of the graph in selecting part or component. The output device must be placed at the point of measurement before plotting can be done on the drawing space. Without this device, the PSCAD cannot create the plotting and the result cannot be obtained. After the circuit had already been executed and there is no error, the output from the circuit or diagram will be obtained. Figure 3.4 shows some of the output and input devices that used in this project. Figure 3.4: The input and output devices 3.4 Running Simulation After complete all the circuit design and placing input and output device, the user need to run the circuit to get the result. To run the simulation the user only need to click on the run button in the main toolbar. Figure 3.5 show the location of run button at the main toolbar. The run toolbar have a green color. When this button is pressed, PSCAD will go through several stages of processing the circuit before starting the EMTDC simulation. Figure 3.5: The run button at main toolbar During the run time, the work will be compiling by the PSCAD. The result or output only will produce if there is no error in the setting of the circuit in the drawing or all connection is connected. If there is an error, the warning will appear at output space. Once the program is no error and running, the graph and also the measurement will be produce depending on the selected node. The user also able to pause and zoomed the graph. 3.5 Graph Calculation The graph give the certain value to calculated the overshoot, resonant frequency and also the curve can be identified as an overdamped, underdamped or critical damped. Equation 3.1 is use to calculate the overshoot. Equation 3.2 is uses to calculate the resonant frequency, ωo. % OS = -100 (3.1) ωo = (3.2) The curve is overdamped if ÃŽ ± is bigger than ωo, underdamped if ÃŽ ± is smaller than ωo and critically damped if ÃŽ ± is equal to ωo. Equation 3.3 to 3.8 shows the step to get a value of ÃŽ ±. Figure 3.6 shows the example of the series RLC circuit. Figure 3.6: The Series RLC Circuit Equation 3.3 is equation for series RLC circuit. Equation 3.4 and 3.5 is a root for quadratic equation for 3.3. ( 3.3) (3.4) (3.5) The root for equation 3.4 and 3.5 can be express to equation 3.6 and 3.7. (3.6) (3.7) From equation 3.4 and 3.6, the value for damping factor, ÃŽ ±, calculated as equation 3.8. (3.8) Chapter 4 4.0 Expected Result The transient over-voltages that occur at the load during capacitor switching will be discuss base on result at all buses in the circuit that will be design before doing the simulations. The discussion is about the voltage waveform when transient over-voltages occur and voltage waveform when the simulations using pre-insertion resistors to reduce transient over-voltages. The results of waveform at all buses that will be obtain from PSCAD simulation will be discuss in term of peak voltage, overshoot and weather that waveform is overdamped, underdamped or critically damped. Figure 4.1 show the voltage waveform that will get during capacitor switching at all buses. Figure 4.2 show the voltage waveform that will get at all buses after simulate it using pre-insertion resistor. The transient will be reduce after doing the simulation using pre-insertion resistor. Figure 4.1: Transient Over-voltage Waveform at Buses. Figure 4.2: Voltage Waveform at Buses after Pre-Insertion Resistor. Chapter 5 5.0 Conclusion In PSM 1 all the literature review regarding this project are been studied so at the end of PSM 1 it can be summarized that the objectives of the project will be fulfilled in the next PSM 2, which is to design the circuit, running the PSCAD simulations and analyze the result that obtain from the PSCAD simulations in term of peak voltage, overshoot and weather that waveform is overdamped, underdamped or critically damped. This progress will need more commitment and efforts. In conjunction to achieve that, scope and objectives of this project will be the guideline.

Health and Safety Management in Health and Social Care

Health and Safety Management in Health and Social Care Review and assess the management of health and safety. According to Health and Safety Executive (2008), Health and Safety is the protection of workers from harm or ill health by appropriate precaution and provision of satisfactory work environment.To implement the accountable, adaptable and aggressive standards towards the organization`s goal and to motivate employees to work towards achieving this goal , our organization used the strategy of adding value and sense in ways of communicating information towards the employees. In our multidisciplinary team are people having some disabilities and come from different culture and background. To keep a good two-ways communication between staff and visitors (families, friends, relatives, inspectors),before searching for answers or documents in the office, the information are provided using video and audio-posters, sign symbols, picture, boards. This is intended to increase the understanding and performance of employee full potential in benefits of the organization regarding new changes occurred in place. A simple way of using quotes to proper body hygiene and stop spreading infection, by showing how to wash your hands as an understanding way in which our health or hygiene might put a risk the persons we support or other people at work. Pictures on the meniu board, showing what next meal will be as a easier way to choose one of them for people having hearing, speaking disability. Safe handling of infected or soiled linen and clinical waste by using a labeling colored code or shape of bags, bins, box. Some time the lack of time, lack of enthusiasm or lack of confidence to take responsibility due lack of motivation in learning process of changes can create conflicts between team members. To eliminate this barriers, ensuring compliance with the law, employer make sure that signs are posted that inform of dangers, temporary diversions, hazardous operations or anything that might affect general safety. A mandatory thing in regard to health and safety is to ensure the legalisation in force are followed and completed such as fire exits labelled health and safety policy clearly shown to all employees in the workplace. Everyone in their workplace had to provide protection, using protective equipment provided pursuant to requirement under the Health and Safety Act, for securing his health and safety while working and co-operate with line manager or colleagues to comply with the provisions of care. To eliminate or minimize the risks can occur in workplace, employer must suited to their particular situation –workplace- in order to achieve desired safety outcomes and preventing accidents for poor safety and health management. Allocation of responsibilities for health and safety done at every level within the organisations. Communicate effectively providing information about hazards, risks and outlining preventative measures,ensuring competencies means that an employer should have access to knowledge regarding health and safety regulations, skills and experience. Health and safety is everyone responsibility, wild dispensed throughout the hierarchy some roles take more responsibilities than others. Specific responsibilities will be given to specific persons at specific level, all individuals have to control their responsible areas. Health and Safety responsible employee have to check and control all the safety equipments and make sure that all the standards meant for Health and Safety controlled and maintained by employees and all the employees working according to tasks assigns. Periodical reviews and audits should be implemented from within an organisations Health and Safety department and externally from the HSE. Ensuring all employees keeps up to date in training and health and safety, use of safety audits, hazard checks, seminar and training. This will help to maintain and improve the ability to manage risks by learning from experience. Health and safety priorities in health and social care setting In our Rehab Home the management has the responsibility of protecting everybody in the work setting against health and safety issues that may occur during their duties, visit or living setting .Specially for employees start from training and basic regulation such as cleaning to avoid infection spreading, food poisoning or contamination ; making sure that the equipments are working and are kept in designated area; trained to used fire extinguishers in case of fire and to use of first aid kit things that are critical helpers in case of accident and hazards what can occurs. Any new employee or new patient in our Rehab Home, changes in equipment used or changes in technology with direct implication on health and safety indicate the need for training and appraisal .The training will help staff to carry out their duties efficiently by acquiring skills and knowledge required by the workplace and affect in positive way the life of patients in our setting. An important fact of health and safety at work is managing time and this is affecting our workers too. When working overtime occurs because of shortages staff, sicknesses or annual leave, the errors are increased by omitting some important tasks .A poor management in work planning and correct prioritization lead to disorganization and chaos which lead to stress and ineffectiveness for everyone in workplace patients and multidisciplinary team. HSE said that stress is it not a disease but can lead to one when is going for a long period of time or if is excessive. To reduce the stress and increased the work related performance in Rehab Home our team manager done a risk assessment which identified the problems which have led to stress : lack of information and communication, working alone, using inadequate equipment or not using personal protective equipment , confusion about each member of staff role , team working. Some of those barriers were eliminated by involving staff in mandatory training, supervision, and additional mentoring. Were made a one to one supervision to identify the reason which involves sick leave and find modalities to reduce the shortness of staff and overtime work. In the last century health practices were considered a hazardous environment. Because of not application of basic principles of hygiene and infection, many factors appear to have lead to this situation, patients coming from wild areas, sore pressures by staying longer immobile in beds, infections transmitted by pets were other influencing factors. Using sterilizing equipment to reduce cross infection and meet best practice standards, making strong control of following infection control policies decreased over the time spreading of infection in health care setting. An example of infection control is Methicillin-resistant-Staphylococcus Aureus known as MRSA, an antibiotic resistant organism which occurred lately in our Rehab Home too. Patients having regular checking in hospitals, visitors, inadequate use of drugs, misuses of PPE are the main causes which enable Rehab Home to keep this infection under control. Been known since 1960s, MRSA has an epidemic began in Kettering Hospital in 1990. NINSS report for 1997-1999 done after checking 96 English hospitals. The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Biological Agents) Regulations from 2013(S.I. No.572 of 2013) sets minimum requirements for protection of workers from health risks associated with biological agents in the workplace. A list of biological agents, classification and containment measures and levels are provided in relevant Code of Practice. The Health and Safety requirements impact on patients Care plans are a form of patient-friendly roadmap that records the relevant information about patients, and should enable all professionals to develop a knowledge of patient social, psychological and physical wellbeing of individual and those are the main reasons why communicating correct information on individual health and safety in accordance with the law enables professionals to deliver care and planned throughout information provided by organization. Care planning is a process which never completed until the individual in care is discharged from the setting or die. In this order the care plan needs to be re-evaluated, to have continuity and daily update made, as patient status changes. Care planning is the most important aspect of holistic care even though it is highly underestimated and often neglected. More often a nursing assessment is based on the medical side of the patient rather than the holistic approach. Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or will experience health effect if exposed to a hazard, property or equipment loss. The Health and Safety Executive is responsible for ensuring by putting in place health and safety strategies of work. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (the Management Regulations) has the main requirement on employers to carry out a risk assessment. Risk Assessment is part of Risk Management and is part of organizations insurance that will not expose people to unnecessary risk, offer and keeping up to date staff training and up keeping of their skills. Management of health and Safety at work regulations 1999 makes sure that employers carry out risk assessments and appoint a competent person to assist the employer in Health and Safety, and to establish procedures and provide training and information to employees. Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 ensure that employer provide adequate and appropriate welfare facilities for employees while they are at work. In making a risk assessment we take in consideration factors that influence the level of risk such as: the level of exposure to a hazardous thing or condition; how is it exposed and the degree of effects in condition of exposure. A risk assessment process has to: Identify the hazards; Decide who might be harmed and how; Evaluate the risks and decide on precaution; Record your findings and implement them; Review your assessment and update if necessary. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™Needs assessments as part of risk assessment, used to determine what is missing between the fact situation and what is want or what ‘ought’ to be. For example, in our Rehab Home we have to do assessment of long-term medical and psychosocial care needs and services for a patient who refused regularly to take his medication and must be made to determine if there are adequate services provided. That will determine us on expanding/ trained/enhancing/ installing the lacking professional services. Our mental healt h setting support individuals who have complex needs because of the co-existence of disability, physical illness or social problems and their main problem is refusing medication. Certain needs are postulated to be ‘universal’ in humans generally (Maslow, 1954), each area or group of the individual will have more specific types of need. As an example, elderly people with dementia may have specific and unique needs related to their disabilities but their range of general needs is the same as everyone elses (Murphy, 1992).There is an issue of mental health needs and the assessment has many opinion and has been wild researched in the UK, special after introduction of legislation (National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990) which tend to generate more coordinated and comprehensive service provision by social services and the National Health Service. Basically the monitoring involves review of practices, auditing of risks and threats, updating the procedures and policies, and learning from experience. An organization can only be effective if it takes note of past threats and develops strategies that can minimize recurrence. In the health and social care settings, difficulties may arise when trying to implement ant-discriminatory practices. These problems may interfere with staff or with patients making them think they might be being discriminated against, put the service users in situation to feel unworthy and lower their confidence and self esteem. As a professional when this happening, it is our duty to challenge our colleague. It is important that when implementing anti-discriminatory practise because there are different factors that could affect different people. Is it vital the care that patients receive, and should be met at a higher standard and not given by judging service users background, upbringing, race, culture, religion and even sex. If some of the staff member is it make responsible for the care may treat patients differently or having a problem with the person’s views the management has to take act of it and offer extra training and counselling to staff involved. Compliance in hea lthcare, used to assure that the service is handled in the most ethical fashion in accordance with legal requirements. In our health care setting every individuals has their own rights to be treated fairly. The rights are based upon on the principles of care value base, such as: promoting anti-discriminatory practice, maintaining confidentiality, promoting and supporting individuals rights to dignity, needs (which is included physical, emotional, environmental, social, cultural, mental health, spiritual etc) choices, preferences, independence and safety, equality, diversity and human rights, acknowledging an individual’s personal beliefs and identity, protecting individuals from abuse, promoting effective communication and relationships and providing individualized patient care. The main concern of the principles is to ensure that service users and careers are treated with respect and to protect the safety of service users. Service users by law are allowed to access their records Data Protection Act 1998 Freedom of Information Act 2000, therefore clients should be allowed to read information and contribute to the development, review of their care plans. Service users need to know who you need to share their information with and why. Their consent is important or else the confidentiality policy will be breached, but in cases where if information is withheld it could put the individual at risk then information needs to be passed on. The law made our nursing homes to be part of the only sector of the entire health care industry to have an explicit statutory requirement for providing what is now called person-centred care†. Patient centred care is the right care, the highest quality care and the most cost effective care for that one patient. References : Coles, C. (1996) Approaching Professional Development; Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 16; 152-158. Curtis, K. (1999) The Physical Therapist’s Guide to Health Care. New Jersey; SLACK Inc. Maslow, A. H. (1954) Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper Row. Springer, K., Murphy, G. L. (1992). Feature availability in conceptual combination. Psychological Science, 3, 111-117. Shortell, S. Singer, S. (2008) Improving Patient Safety by Taking Systems Seriously; The Journal of the American Medical Association. 299(4); 445-447. 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